Essay about My Amazing Internship Rotation of Watching a...

Today was my second day on labor and delivery. When Grace and I first arrived, we were sent to change. After Grace and I changed into our scrubs, we went to the front desk to receive our tasks. A registered nurse (RN) asked us if we would like to see a vaginal birth or a caesarean section (c-section). I choose to watch a c-section, and Grace decided to observe a vaginal birth. Once we decided on who would do what, we went our separate ways. I followed the RN nurse who was to assist and prep the operating room (OR). She first went into the clean utility room, where she picked up essentials for the surgery. When everything was gathered and prepared, we had to sit and wait for the patient who had arrived late. The RN would check the†¦show more content†¦The patient was in a lot of pain and it was hard to comfort her. After the epidural the patient was to lie down. Once the patient was laying down, the RN then inserted a catheter into the patients bladder. Then the three surgeon s walked into the room, they washed their hands and were being helped by the nurses to get ready with their personal protective equipment. Once they were ready, there was a short screen covering the patient from seeing what was being done to her. The anesthesiologists played music to sooth the patient who was awake for the procedure with her husband a long her side. The surgeon made an incision in the lower abdomen. He then began to burn the sub cutaneous tissue, and then the rectus abdominis muscle. The urachus was then help by forceps and the parietal peritoneum was cut to enter the peritoeal cavity. They would suck the blood coming out with a machine. They then made an incision on the lower uterine segment. After the incision, the babies head was now visible. Everyone was rushing once the baby’s head was visible! There was a lot of blood coming out of the catheter inserted into the uterus. Two of the surgeons began pushing the baby’s head out of the uterus while pus hing the skin further a part with a lot of pressure. They then performed immediate resuscitation before handing the baby over to the two neonatologist. Then they cut the umbilical cord, show the baby to the mother for about a second, and then the twoShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesSons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive, DanversRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesDiversity Management Strateg ies 56 Attracting, Selecting, Developing, and Retaining Diverse Employees 56 †¢ Diversity in Groups 58 †¢ Effective Diversity Programs 58 Summary and Implications for Managers 60 S A L Self-Assessment Library What’s My Attitude Toward Older People? 40 Myth or Science? â€Å"Dual-Career Couples Divorce Less† 47 An Ethical Choice Religious Tattoos 51 glOBalization! Images of Diversity from Around the Globe 54 Point/Counterpoint Men Have More Mathematical Ability Than Women

Importance And Characteristics Of Literature Reviews

Importance and Characteristics of Literature Reviews A literature review examines existing research that is important to the work that you want to do. Literature reviews provide important background information and details about a specific research topic. Providing background information can help to demonstrate the importance of a topic, and can help to establish understanding of a subject or issue. An effective literature review also provides a space to elaborate on future work to be done on a topic and allows an author to define where their work fits into a larger context. An effective literature review details important research trends and also examines strengths and weaknesses of both specific studies and larger research contexts. Identifying any gaps in understanding or knowledge of a topic is important to establishing the significance of a current or future research endeavor. Steps for Creating a Literature Review Creating a literature review is not always direct process, as you may need to continually modify your project to focus on certain details. You may find yourself repeatedly coming back to and adjusting your literature review to reflect changes in either the size of your project, the breadth of your research topic, or other aspects. Generally, literature reviews involve the following steps: preparing for the type of review desired, reading existing research, analyzing research and trends, writing the review, and revising the final literature review.Show MoreRelatedSample Research Paper1642 Words   |  7 Pagessection should explain why the research is being conducted. It should establish the importance of the problem addressed by the research and explain why the research is needed. For example, it might establish the seriousness of juvenile antisocial behavior nationally and describe the gaps that exist in the knowledge about this behavior. 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Engineers Need to Know About Economics Free Essays

Title of presentation Engineering students should learn economics. I chose this topic because it related directly to my audience whom are mostly engineering students. Audience Knowledge level of audience My audience and I will graduated in a few years and the topic that I will deliver closely linked to my audience. We will write a custom essay sample on Engineers Need to Know About Economics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Every student should aware about their challenges that they will face in the future. I hope the speech that I will convey could give some basic preparation in the future especially in managing their wealth and for preparation to start a business. How I plan to gain the audience’s attention I would like to start the presentation by sharing the statistic of bankruptcy in Malaysia due to poor managing the wealth. Mostly, the fresh graduates encounter this problem because they want to have luxury car and home at young age. Presentation 1) Introduction Purpose and importance of this topic To persuade my audience especially engineering students that they should prepare themselves with economic skills because they need both to become good engineer. Great ideas of engineering but do not have money to implement is a failure. How the topic relevant to the audience In the modern world of today filled with the latest technology one can ever dream of, competing with others to have a good qualification in education is not an unusual phenomena. Having just engineering based knowledge is not enough to become a good engineer. It is because money is one of important factor in completing a project. Furthermore, fresh graduates also need to manage their wealth well since a lot of graduates facing problem because lack of information about the loans that they have made. Thesis statement: Engineers students should prepared themselves with economic empowerment so that they could manage their wealth, help them in starting their own business or during managerial period. Main points: * Economics is important in helping fresh graduates to manage their money well. * To prepare engineers before they get promotion as a manager. * Engineering graduates need good economics skills to start their own business. Establish credibility In this semester, I am taking Engineering Economics Entrepreneurship course. This course were related to this topic. I also have read and researched that engineers need more than engineering based knowledge to a job in today’s world. Apart from that, many of my seniors, acquaintances have shared their experience that having a good managing money for ourselves or for company is important for working in comfort. 2) Body Organisational pattern I will use problem-cause- solution order as my organizational pattern for this presentation. Many graduates faced financial problems such as loans from bank and after that I will shared the solution to the audience. Supporting ideas for each main point. * Economics is important in helping fresh graduates manage their money well. * Of more than 1. 7 Million bankrupts in Malaysia,  there are more than 90,000 civil servants of the Malaysian government that are made bankrupt  just because they failed to pay on their car loans or being a guarantor to one. * Fresh graduates should be equipped with economics so that they know where to invest their money and helping them in making decision during making loans to buy a car or house. To prepare engineers before they get promotion as a manager. * Manage cash flow well is one of the important duty of a manager. * To become a good manager of company, engineering graduates need both engineering and business skills to avoid them from be tricked. * Engineering graduates need good economics and business skills to start their own company. * Engineering graduates need both engineering specialties and good managing the money to have a competent business. * The number of unemployed persons in this country rose to around 402,300 in July from 388,500 in June. If engineering graduates were thought how to make money from the engineering skills that they already learnt, they will have confident to start their own company and directly will decrease the number of unemployment. Transition from one point to next point I will ensure that there is coherent transition from one main point to the next main point by mentioning the order of the main points at the beginning of the presentation. In addition, to enhance the understanding about the topic, I will use linkers in my presentation such as â€Å"furthermore†, â€Å"in addition†, and â€Å"on top of that†. Summaries each point I will repeat the problem that fresh graduate will face in the future and the solutions that could help them. By doing that, audience could remember the main issue in each point. The audience should remember that managing wealth is important to live happily in future. 3) Conclusion Summaries of entire presentation I will summaries the entire presentation by recalled my audience with all the main points that I already presented. Every problem and solutions will be repeated so that my audience will remember what my speech is all about until the end of the speech. I will show great some entrepreneurs that have both specialties in engineering and business. Describe on reiterate the purpose and importance of the whole presentation to relate to your audience. I will reiterate this presentation to my audience by explaining to them that there is very important for us to start changing the myths that the knowledge that were thought in university right know are enough. It is because everyone including engineering student should well prepared themselves with basic economic skills. QA session Questions that I anticipate from the audience * What type of knowledge that student should prepared? * What type of challenges that students will face in the future? Practice session How did I practice my speech? * I practice my speech mostly in my room roughly about 10 times. Sometimes I also practice in front my friends. Area of my speech needed improvement * I need improvement in delivery especially in pronunciation. Time limit Without consider the environmental effect that I will have during the presentation, from the practices, I managed to stay within the time limit. How to cite Engineers Need to Know About Economics, Essay examples

All About Mikhail Gorbachevs 1988 UN Speech

Questions: 1. Why did Gorbachev choose the United Nations as his forum for this speech?2. What did Gorbachev mean by "de-ideologizing relations among states? What implications did this have for superpower relations?3. Why did he say that "force no longer can...be an instrument of foreign policy"? What implications did this have for the Soviet bloc?4. What did he foresee as the future role of the superpowers in the world and the future relationship between them? Answers: 1. In 1988, Mikhail Gorbachev, the USSR president at that time delivered a revolutionary and extraordinary speech at the United Nations General Assembly. He chose this forum for some specific reasons. The most fundamental and important reason was that the UN was promoting the global cooperation and peace at that time. This international organization was fully focused on repairing the damaged international relations between the countries and ensure peace and security for everyone around the globe. Gorbachev's speech also concentrated on the necessity of modest foreign policies and better international relations especially between the United States and the USSR (Walker, 2012). Moreover, the year of 1988 proved to be one of the most successful phases in the UN history in its attempt to promote global peace and security. Therefore, there could not be any better platform other than the UN assembly to convey the revolutionary notions that Gorbachev held. 2. During his speech, Mikhail Gorbachev demanded that the countries across the globe should reanalyze and re-evaluate their notions and perceptions because the paradigm of international notions has been shifted and therefore, it would be better to respond in accordance with that change (Gorbachev, 1988). Gorbachev realized that bitter international relations are results of the nations' tendency to stick to their traditional and outdated perceptions and fully disregard the notions of the other states. But the time had changed and the situation demanded that the states should not ideologize their own perceptions, rather they should try to cope up with the shift and adopt the positive changes as required. Gorbachev asserts that de-ideologization is a great factor in improving the relations between the states. This de-ideologization has a number of barriers but the most important one is the attempt to ensure the implementation of own notions and self by a state. But this cannot be soluti on. If the superpowers do not adopt to this view, then it would be very difficult to establish peaceful international relations because the militarism would not decrease and the whole world will continue to get threatened. Therefore, the superpower countries should redesign their notions and imply them properly. 3. Mikhail Gorbachev also asserted no problem can be solved by the help of force. He went on to say that force can never help the human civilization to progress towards prosperity in a peaceful and harmonious way. Acquisition of force is necessary to solve some problems but not all and in the changing scenario of the international relations, the exercise of force could only worsen the situation (Nedzarek, 2012). In order to establish a harmonious international relation with other nations, irrational framework of force acquisition should be sacrificed and excluded. Gorbachev stated that in order to be the pioneer of this path, the USSR will significantly decrease its armed mi litary installations along the borders of Eastern Europe and China. He also mentioned that the UUSR armed forces would decrease by about half a million soldiers by the year of 1990. Gorbachev also stated that the USSR will reduce the acquisition of nuclear powers so that the force can no longer be a threat to the global relations.4. Mikhail Gorbachev said that the superpowers have to come forward to show the world that an atmosphere of harmonious international relations can be established throughout the globe. He said that every superpower has to reassess their ideologized views, decrease the acquisition of power and force, and show respect toward the peaceful international relations so that the international rivalry can be turned into sensible competition (Gorbachev, 1990). Every nation should be given the freedom of choice. Most of the smaller countries tend to follow the notions of the superpower nations. Therefore, these steps should be implemented in order to improve the intern ational relations not only between the superpowers but also among all the countries across the world. References Gorbachev, M. (1988) Gorbachevs Speech to the U.N. December 7, 1988. Available at: https://astro.temple.edu/~rimmerma/gorbachev_speech_to_UN.htm (Accessed: 15 June 2016). Gorbachev, M. (1990) Perestroika and Soviet-American relations. Madison: Sphinx Press. Nedzarek, R. (2012) A critical evaluation of Mikhail Gorbachevs role in ending the cold war. Available at: https://www.e-ir.info/2012/07/30/a-critical-evaluation-of-the-role-of-mikhail-gorbachev-in-ending-the-cold-war/ (Accessed: 15 June 2016). Walker, M. (2012) From the archive, 8 December 1988: Gorbachev puts paid to Europes fears. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2012/dec/08/archive-1988-gorbachev-europe-fears (Accessed: 15 June 2016).

The Specifics About Specific Language Essay Example For Students

The Specifics About Specific Language Essay Specific language covers three ranges of styles known as concrete words, abstractwords, and general language. Specific language refers to objects or conditions that can beperceived or imagined. Concrete words describe qualities of immediate perception and abstractwords refer to broader less palpable qualities (diction refers to qualities that are rarefied andtheoretical). General language signifies a broad classes of persons, objects and phenomena. Inpractice, poems that use specific and concrete words tend to be visually familiar, and compelling. But by contrast, poems using general and abstract words tend to be detached and sharp,regularly dealing with universal questions or emotions. (Polking, Writing A to Z, pg. 124). Allwriting of any sort has to be done in one of these 3 types of language; concrete, abstract orgeneral, and so they are very important to fictional writing. Concrete nouns name things that we can perceive throughout our senses, for example: your friend, Canada, the brain. If you say Ice cream is cold, the word cold is concretebecause it describes a condition that you can feel, just as you can taste ice creams sweetnessand feel its creamy texture in your mouth. The time it takes to understand a sentence isgenerally shorter when the sentence is concrete rather than abstract. (Klee ; Eysenck, 1973). People respond faster to concrete than to abstract sentences in meaning of classification tasks,in which meaningful and abnormal sentences must be refined, which requires a judgment of thetruth value of a sentence. (Holmes ; Langford, 1976). It has also generally been found thatsubjects both encode and retrieve concrete words and sentences faster and more completelyAbstract nouns name qualities (friendship, heroism) or concepts (the province,management). If we describe ice cream as good, we are abstract, because good is far removedfrom ice cream itself and reveals no descriptive information about it. A large number of thingsmay be good, just as they may be bad, fine, cool, excellent, and so on. The context-availability model suggests that abstract words are more difficult to process because associatedcontextual information stored in memory is more difficult to retrieve than for concrete words. General nouns apply to a class of things (pets, buildings) rather than to a single, specificthings (my cow, the CN tower). General nouns keep your reader at a distance. Specific refersto words that bring to mind images from the real world. My dog Rex is barking is specific. General statements refer to broad classed, such as All people like pets and Dogs make goodpets. The ascending order of generality from 1) very specific to 2) less specific to 3) general,and so most pieces of writing employ mixtures of words from these 3 categories. (Stewart andKowler, Forms of Writing, pg. 67) Therefore, poets interweave their words to fit their situationIn conclusion, these 3 forms of writing draw general observations, abstract conclusionsfrom speci fic situations and concrete responses, so overall they compliment each other. Clearexact writing balances abstract and general words which outline ideas and objects, with concreteand specific words, which sharpen and solidify. Abstract and general words are useful in thebroad statements that set the course for your writing, but the sentences following these wouldhave to develop the ideas with concrete and specific ideas. (Stewart and Kowler, Forms ofWriting, pg. 63). The evidence that the grasp of abstract and concrete words differ provokesone to consider how the literal pictures for these word types differ. Bibliography:1) Polking, Kirk. WRITING A TO Z. Cincinnati, Ohio:Writers Digest Books,1990. We will write a custom essay on The Specifics About Specific Language specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page .u0ecb568a3d980d7301aeb231a51abf51 , .u0ecb568a3d980d7301aeb231a51abf51 .postImageUrl , .u0ecb568a3d980d7301aeb231a51abf51 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0ecb568a3d980d7301aeb231a51abf51 , .u0ecb568a3d980d7301aeb231a51abf51:hover , .u0ecb568a3d980d7301aeb231a51abf51:visited , .u0ecb568a3d980d7301aeb231a51abf51:active { border:0!important; } .u0ecb568a3d980d7301aeb231a51abf51 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0ecb568a3d980d7301aeb231a51abf51 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0ecb568a3d980d7301aeb231a51abf51:active , .u0ecb568a3d980d7301aeb231a51abf51:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0ecb568a3d980d7301aeb231a51abf51 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0ecb568a3d980d7301aeb231a51abf51 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0ecb568a3d980d7301aeb231a51abf51 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0ecb568a3d980d7301aeb231a51abf51 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0ecb568a3d980d7301aeb231a51abf51:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0ecb568a3d980d7301aeb231a51abf51 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0ecb568a3d980d7301aeb231a51abf51 .u0ecb568a3d980d7301aeb231a51abf51-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0ecb568a3d980d7301aeb231a51abf51:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hamlet as a Comment on Humanity Essay Order now 2) Roberts, E.V. and Jacobs, H.E. LITERATURE. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1998. 3) Stewart, Kay L. and Kowler, Marian E. FORMS OF WRITING. Scarborough, Ontario: Prentice-Hall Canada Inc., 1991. 4) http://hal.ucr.edu/ConfEvents/ABcogsci99.html 5) http://www1.iastate.edu/cakelly/Abstract-Concrete.html

Video voyeurism

Video voyeurism Imagine every move that is made being watched. There is a strong possibility that people are not alone within their living quarters. What is perceived to be private may not be so concealed. Many times women and children are unaware they are being watched and recorded while changing their clothes, showering, attending to bodily functions, or in moments of sexual intimacy. Hidden cameras silently steal privacy. No matter where a person goes, it is possible he or she is being spied on. Anyone could be a victim of video voyeurism. In a world of rapidly growing technology, it has become increasingly easier for "peeping toms" to visually stalk their victims through video voyeurism.In 1999, in the state of Louisiana, Susan Wilson became a victim of video voyeurism. Susan began to see her next-door neighbor so often that she considered the possibility that he was spying on her.Video VoyeurAfter feeling uneasy about her neighbor, she decided to break into his home and investigate. The woman f ound piles of video tapes of herself. The videotapes included footage of her and her husband having sex, her in the shower, and many other intimate moments. She was in horror to see her bedroom on his computer screen. Susan Wilson ransacked through her home to discover several cameras positioned throughout her house. When she presented the authorities with the information, she learned that a law against video voyeurism did not exist. In fact, video voyeurism was not even considered a crime. Her stalker was faced with only minor consequences dealing with unauthorized entry into her home. Therefore, Wilson became a video voyeurism activist and went on a crusade to expose this scandalous activity.Susan Wilson's strong opinions toward this invasion of privacy caused her to address lawmakers. She convinced Louisiana to pass...

CONSTITUTIONAL Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

CONSTITUTIONAL - Term Paper Example The argument currently focus on changing the appointment criteria, composition and functioning method of the chamber. Some changes have been made but still there are major issue to be reformed in order to make the house more presentable. â€Å"The attempt to make changes in the house have never been successful due to the conflicts and debates existing among the political members†(Carmichael,1999)Initiative efforts from Labour government in 1968 proved to be a failure due to their radical nature and after that no actions were taken till 1997.Recent actions are towards the establishment of Independent commission for the appointment of members who are not from any party. Removal of hereditary peers is the main focus of the reform which is to be taking place in the near future. â€Å" Thus, the latest reform initiatives remain not only incomplete but contentious, and an ongoing, dynamic aspect of the political debate that is taking place in Britain today†(Robertson,2009) Th e peers in the house attend the house without any intention of taking interest in the political or internal issue of the country. They treat the house a s place of leisure activity and attend with least attentiveness and concern. The number of peers in the house should be minimized in order to reduce the cost of maintaining the house and congestion in the space. Since there are enormous number of members from house of commons who are more or less inactive ,abolishing of peers can bring in some positive changes. Many of them take allowances for attending the house and enjoy other priviliges for no serious reasons. It would be very useful for the country if the peerage system is abolished and new productive members are allowed to join the house of lords. Answer to question two In the UK the Executive otherwise the government has the right on making and implementing policies and laws in order to take care of the issue concerning the country. Parliament and government take active part i n formulating the laws of England. They being separate bodies, have to work hand in hand for the welfare of the country. â€Å" Parliament is the highest legislative authority in the UK. It has responsibility for checking the work of government and examining, debating and approving new laws. It is also known as the Legislature†(parliament). An MP can be a party member but this does not imply that they are operate in the government .Since the Executive and Parliament work together ,it can be very well said that the scrutiny of the government is one the six important functions of the House of Commons. The MPs have the obligation of attending the House of commons everyday and debate on policies, bills and issues It is a common fact that the MPs mostly disagree to the government policies and there exists an unequal power struggle between the MPs and Executive. But seeing the practice of House of commons which is very weak it cannot be agreeable to say that the scrutiny of governm ent illustrates the disparities between the MP and executive. â€Å"The lack of power of backbenchers in determining what the House debated and in controlling the House’s activities was a source of frustration during the last Parliament.  (Parliamnent) The House of Commons perform scrutiny by means of â€Å"Question time† which gives chance for each member to ask questions to the cabinet ministers and Prime minister. But this is activity is not efficient enough to evaluate the

Wedding Ceremony Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wedding Ceremony - Essay Example 2:18, 21-24: "The Lord God said, 'It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper suitable for him'...and while he was sleeping, he took one of the man's ribs and closed up the place with flesh." Over the years however wedding ceremonies have lost their original worth as world has become highly media-sensitive and couples plan their "dream weddings" according to what wedding planners suggest. That was not how things used to be in old times. This definition however fails to highlight the actual meaning and worth of a wedding ceremony. In most cultures weddings underscored the need for transition from one stage of life to another. It may no longer be seen that way but in Greek cultures for example, wedding marked the transition of a woman from one "oikos" to her new "oikos". "She changed from a parthenos, a maiden, to a nymphe, a married woman without children, when she married and then finally to a gyne, an adult woman, when she bore her first child. The entire set of marriage rites focused on the bride and her relocation to a new oikos and kyrios, the most important transition in her life." (Powers, 1997)... She would also get rid of her toys and childhood belongings. However the most important part of the ceremony was the hairdo and the dress. Roman bride would wear the dress only once and her hair would be styled in a particular manner. The veil was a must and it had to be worn by all brides. The veil had a very high symbolic value: It continued as one of the main symbols and components of the wedding ceremony, routinely mentioned by many authors. Indeed, the verb used of the woman marrying, nubo, is related to nubes, a cloud, and means literally 'I veil myself'. From this come nupta, a married woman, nova nupta, a bride, and nuptiae, the wedding. The event turns on the bride and her veiling. (Treggiari, 163) The veil was again an important symbol in Indian weddings. Brides would wear a red dress which was called a sari. This dress would be adorned heavily and the girl would keep her head low so as to appear docile and shy on the day of her wedding. The actually wedding day was preceded by Mayoon, a ritual where girl would be covered with yellow color tumeric mix called Ubtan. This was done to make her body glow. There would be many other rituals than followed including goad-bharri which was done to make sure that the bride will have children. This was a way of blessing the bride with good omen. In most cultures, wedding was also a sacred ceremony. It had strong religious and cultural worth. In many Muslim cultures for example, bride and groom's families would arrange Milad where people would come together and recite the Holy Quran to invoke God's blessings on the couple. Similar rituals would take place in other cultures too according to their sacred beliefs. Things

Is technology an invasion of privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Is technology an invasion of privacy - Essay Example The development of science in equipping the authority with methods of spying is not expected to end with wiretapping. Brand eisprescient and haunting words evidently apply nowadays, as the mark between science fiction and science is incessantly redrawn. This paper will show how technology is an invasion of privacy. Contemporary technologies for amassing personal information that surpass the physical, freedom enhancing restrictions of the ancient means are relentlessly appearing. They prod more deeply, extensively and quietly than traditional techniques, transcending obstructions (whether distance, walls, darkness, time or skin) that historically sheltered personal data. The boundaries that have defined as well as given authenticity to social groups, systems and the individual are progressively permeable lacking special validity. The influence of private and governmental organizations to coerce disclosure (whether centered on circumstance, technology, or law) and to collect, analyze a nd disseminate personal data is growing swiftly(Lyon& Zureik 45).The world is converting into a transparent community of record in that documentation of the history, present identity, location, physiological and communication, and psychological behavior and states is more and more possible through technology, and people’s privacy is no longer private. With extrapolative DNA and profiles, there are even alleges to being able to see individual futures. Collection of information often ensues invisibly, remote and automatically-being fabricated into routine undertakings. Awareness and unpretentious approval on the involvement of the individual might be lacking. The extent of personal data collected is increasing. Fresh technologies hold the capacity to disclose the unknown, unseen, withheld or forgotten. Like the unconscious or the atom discovery, they reveal tads of reality, which were previously concealed, or did not encompass informational clues. Individuals are in a way turne d inside out (Foucault 23). To be living as well as a social individual is to give off inevitably signals of continuous information-whether into the mode of heat, motion, pressure, brain waves, cells, perspiration, olifacteurs, sound, garbage, or waste matter, and more acquainted forms, for instance, visible behavior and communication. These fragments are awarded new connotation by modern surveillance technologies, thereby invading peoples’ privacy. In a value-added, hotchpotch process, machines (regularly with only a slight aid from their support system) may discover significance in combining and surfacing heretofore futile data (Lyon& Zureik 45).The proportion of what persons know concerning themselves (or are able to know) vs. what experts and outsiders can know about them has budged away from the person. Data in varied forms from extensively separated geographical regions, establishments and times can be certainly merged and examined. In comparatively unrestrained fashion , fresh (and old) establishments are capturing, merging and vending this data, or placing it to unique internal usages (Laudon 90). Technology is an invasion of privacy through the fresh information technologies that encompasses larger issues concerning the multifaceted inter-relations of society and technology;

The Utilitarian ethics and its impact on supply chain

The Utilitarian ethics and its impact on supply chain Introduction: Utilitarian ethics is considered as a theory which is considered significant in the perfect competitive business world. This theory emerged from the customer expectancy where they expect greatest happiness. According to example.com (2010) this theory is based on the principle-the greatest good for the greatest number. The pioneer of the utilitarianism theory was Jeremy Bentham. He lived from 1748-1832 and was brought up in a very intellectual family. The utilitarianism could be classified in three types. Without following any specific rule, if it deals with the consequences of individual acts, then it is nominated as Act Utilitarianism. Rule utilitarianism allows specific rule to be followed and preference Utilitarianism says that one should act in a way that the person involved prefer unless the preference is outweighed by others. On the other hand, Utilitarianism also defined negatively. Negative utilitarianism requires us to promote the least amount of evil or harm, or to prevent the greatest amount of suffering for the greatest number of people. The key words the greatest good for greatest number, in broader view reflects the consideration of sustainability of business resources in long term rather than short term profitability. In terms of supporting the supply chain, the utilitarian ethics keep or accelerate the flow of supply chain in long term and in this interest the immediate situation should be less evaluated than long term. As the requirement of this assignment, the study is going to present a comprehensive structure of using the utilitarian ethics in respect of supply chain of vegetable retailers. Retailers and other food sector companies to test and develop innovative business models, together with their supply chain partners, that will bring new and higher volumes of food products from Africa to the UK, at the same time delivering improved livelihoods for African producers (FRICH, 2010). Supply chain and its effectiveness with the use of Utilitarian ethics: Supply chain is a system that is responsible to reach the goods from farm to customer minimizing the waste and maximizing the assurance of availability of goods in the shelve for customer. Supply chains underlie value chain because, without them, no producer has the ability to give customer what they want, when and where they want, at the price they want. Producers compete with each other only through their supply chains, and no degree of improvement at the producers end can make up for the deficiencies in a supply chain which reduce the producers ability to compete (Business dictionary.com, 2010). The term vegetable supply chain is smooth normally in season. Thus, the behavior of supply chain management authority normally could be different with the supply chain partner as the availability of goods. In this case, utilitarian ethics suggest that the authority to judge the partners significantly in both times, in season and out of season. According to FRICH (2010) UK supermarkets have successfully developed African horticulture to meet year round demand for fresh fruit and vegetables, most produce is sourced from a few countries only and farmers find it hard to meet buyers exacting standards. Farther obstacles to these farmers can arise from concerns over food miles, environmental conservation, labor standards and food safety. Giving African farmers greater access for their food exports help reduce poverty and increase rural incomes, so the fund is designed to support projects that bring African farmers and their workers including poor small holder in their food supply chain. Th erefore, it is very specific from the acts of FRICH that, the practice of utilitarian ethics helps the people involved in vegetable supply chain in terms of their basic needs, improve the economic development that assure the flow of vegetable even in out of season. Not only supply chain partner become satisfied with the proper practice of utilitarian ethics but also the consumer, the god of a business become benefitted from this use which attract them to be loyal to the retailer. The benefitted supply chain partner influence the consumer directly. This is easy to realize that if the farmers become satisfied and can maintain the product with assurance of export and continue the flow of supply, then adequate supply of goods is visible in the shelve of retailers and consumer become happy to them. According to Accenture (2010), the challenge of supply chain is increasing day by day because of tremendous competition. It found out five preconditions of supply chain according to the mode of consumers choice. They are on-shelf availability, faster replacement- smaller quantities and changing customer requirement. In terms of on-shelf availability, supply chain has to maintain good relation with the farmers as though they are dedicated to the organizations fluctuating demand by customer. Excellent retail supply chain management revolves around understanding and balancing three key dimensions of availability, inventory and cost. Managing this trade-off sufficiently can result in supply chains that improve business through assurance the availability of goods for consumers satisfaction. Practice of Utilitarian ethics by consumer group and its impact on supply chain: It is not deniable that there are also some challenges to maintain the utilitarian ethics which increase the cost of supply chain. However, according to the principle of this ethics greatest good for greatest people should be maintained first because customers satisfaction is the primary goal of a business. As vegetable is a fundamental domain of customers demand and it is consumed every day, they are to demand it. Thus, in broader view, the ethics practice cost apparently may be perceived increased, the assurance of sufficient vegetable supply should be counted first. The use of utilitarian ethics in supply chain can provide adequate supply of vegetable. In terms of fresh vegetable supply, use of utilitarian ethics also helps maintaining the freshness of vegetable. If the supply chain authority can maintain the relation with the farmers in compromise aspect in season, then they will supply in out of season. If the labour working in farms get security of their job in out of season, then their dedication to farms become increased and farms can assure the importers the supply of vegetable according to demand. This practice also can minimize the waste of good. In the case of organic vegetable, the use of this ethics is more fruitful. Organic vegetable is produced in such a way that there is no use of chemical and pesticides. Vegetable is certified as organic by specific body of national government. The demand is increasing in the world is increasing gradually. In UK, the yearly increasing rate of organic food is around 30% which fluctuates according to the economic flow (FIRTH, C and SCHMUTZ, U,. 2004). If supply chain management evaluates the farmer, the supply chain partner, then the assurance of organic food will be more sustainable and organization can be able to present to the organic customers the organic vegetable. After carefully evaluation the correlation between the utilitarian ethics and its impacts on supply chain of vegetable retailers, it could be mentioned that in this perfect competitive market utilitarian ethics has a great impact to survival for a vegetable retailer. It satisfies the supply chain partner, their (farmers) internal and external stakeholders and overall sustainability of the farms can decrease the waste of goods, assure the supply in dull season and can decrease the major cost of supply chain management of organizations. Merits of Utilitarian ethics and critical analysis in food miles: In respect of extending the discussion of consideration of utilitarian ethics in terms of vegetable supply chain, author of this study intends to mention the food miles. Food miles is the idea that emerged from the travel of food from farms to dining table which indeed, says the environmental impact that happens in this travel time. Half of the vegetables and 95% of fruits are imported to UK from overseas countries. This food and vegetables arrive by air and water and truck. In the consideration of environmental impact, water, plane and road transport give off CO2 in different scale. In order to maintain the supply chain regarding business prospect, retailers have to use plane in vast cases. The food comes from overseas gives off 11% of the total CO2 emission from UK food transport where air-freighted travel produces 177 times more greenhouse gases than shipping. Though there is some national bodies and protest groups to watch the mode of using transport, the use of utilitarian ethic s will be more effective to reduce this emission and environmental harm. In this case, the merit of this ethics could be utilized in some aspects. Firstly, Utilitarianism cannot be faulted on its morals as it clearly seeks the happiness and fairness for the majority, which has always been an important consideration in the works of government and other major powers, as well as in everyones everyday life. If the supply chain authority of the food retailers shows and maintain the happiness and fairness as the part of following utilitarian ethics, then they will be interested to use water way to import food rather than air considering the green house effect. On the contrary, there is another argument is that using the shipping needs requires long time refrigerator, it also produce CO2. However that is very lower than plane. Another thing is that, the retailers are interested to maintain shorter life of food form farms to plate in order to present it to the consumer fresh and regarding the food and safety, they prefer quick travel than the slower. Secondly, Utilitarian ethics considers the consequences of all actions, which is key in building a civilised society. If people were not aware of consequences then there would be no deterrent to commit crime. Here awareness is the key point of using this ethics. As it has been mentioned that the food travel in UK emits 11% of CO2, the retailers could be interested to minimize the emission of greenhouse gases by influencing their self-motivation. In this case, they can be encouraged to produce vegetables and fruits in home. Though, some people argue that locally grown and organic food can be kept chilled for months which require energy because of maintain the supply chain out of season. In one hand, this chillers keeps the food fresh, on the other hand it act as culprit for our global warming. However, it is undeniable that home grown is better than using air. If the awareness could be build up, then newly sophisticated mechanism of reducing the CO2 emission may also innovated by supply chain expert. Finally, It encourages a democratic approach to decision making, and dangerous minorities are not allowed to dominate. Therefore, author can mention here again the organic food grown in home based cultivation. It food transport is responsible for 25% of the kilometres clocked up by HGVs on the congested roads in UK. Supermarkets have national distribution systems, so even food grown near a particular branch may have travelled by lorry to a central depot and back to its place of origin. This idea should be emphasised to implement to the food producers, then quarter of 25% emission could be reduced. This is also not beyond the controversialist because the congested road is not fully sufficient to avoid roads accident. It is perceived that in traffic jam the lorry has to wait on the road for a long time and that is why this lorry has to maintain chillers regarding food and safety issue. However, massive awareness and encouragement can increase this lorry user in democratic majority. Practice of ethics of virtue in supply chain: Virtue ethics is currently one of three major approaches in normative ethics. It may, initially, be identified as the one that emphasizes the virtues, or moral character, in contrast to the approach which emphasizes duties or rules (deontology) or that which emphasizes the consequences of actions (consequentialism). Suppose it is obvious that someone in need should be helped. A utilitarian will point to the fact that the consequences of doing so will maximize well-being, a deontologist to the fact that, in doing so the agent will be acting in accordance with a moral rule such as Do unto others as you would be done by and a virtue ethicist to the fact that helping the person would be charitable or benevolent (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2007). To some extent, ethics of virtue could be mentioned as that- the practice of normal ethical sense regarding the situation. In terms of vegetable retail supply chain, there are some primary things come to the account firstly. Maintaining the freshness of vegetable and food and safety are commercially an objective. Beyond the rules and regulation and consequences, the ethics of virtue will be more perfect in comparison. In addition, the evaluation of supply chain partners, more specifically the farmers should be dealt with utilitarian ethics, however the practice of ethics of virtue will be more effective to maintain the supply chain in the out of season. Practice of ethics of virtue, is indeed propelled from the moral ethics. Moreover, in terms of environmental issue, the use of virtual ethics will be fruitful to save this global warming. Virtual ethics is consequently related to the moral behavior to the globe. Thus, which sort of transport should be used to reduce CO2 emission regarding the situation like customers demand, scarcity of goods in shelves, assurance of availability of supply and so forth will be decided by proper use of ethics of virtue. Conclusions: In conclusion, it is to say that utilitarian ethics is considerably correlated to the business world. In respect of commercial goal, the supply chain management is the most expensive domains of business organization because the retention of customer, customer loyalty and flow of increasing sale depends on this section. Therefore, ultimately the farmers become significant to the retailers as they are the source of goods. For satisfy them, the price level, assurance of selling goods, and proper communication with them should be emphasized. Thus, use of utilitarian ethics is important to make them satisfied. In the case of global environmental issue, utilitarian ethical behavior also is must. Because of food miles concept, the emission of CO2 could be minimized as their supply chain dealings. If the supply chain management is used to maintain targeting less use of air way, then the global warming will be reduced. Using utilitarian ethics and ethics of virtue, the retailers will be motivated to produce home grown vegetable nearest to the distribution centre. In terms of organic food, supply chain partner should be motivated to maintain the characteristics of cultivation of organic food grains. As the demand of organic food is increasing day by day, the dependency on farmers is also increasing. Consequently, the retailers should encourage them to maintain the virtue of organic food growing through supply chain management.

Afghanistan :: Essays Papers

Afghanistan International students travel all over the world to study different lands education systems. Many of them come here to the United States of America, the land of opportunity. Many of them believe that if they come here they will have a better chance of doing what they have always wanted to do. I was given an assignment by my teacher to interview an international student I got their input on what it is like to be an international student here in the United States of America. I met Sameer, my international student, through some high school friends that go to the same college as him in Tennessee. He was more then happy to tell me about what he is going through as a student in the United States. Not only did I learn about him, but his country as well. We will get to know more about Sameer and the country of Afghanistan. Focusing on the Economy of Afghanistan and how it has changed since the September 11, 2001 tragedy. â€Å"Afghanistan too many Americans is a threat to them. People think that because of what some of the people did their all of Afghanistan is to blame. I am ashamed to see what some of the people from my country have done, but I am not ashamed to say that Afghanistan is my home country† Sameer tells me in my personal interview with him. â€Å"Alliance Doesn’t want to shift focus to Iraq†¦Bush Administration understood the alliance’s preoccupied with Afghanistan† (Slavin 10A). â€Å"You read it all over the news how bad Afghanistan has been since September 11, 2001† he adds. Sameer grow-up with his mother and father, and older brother. They all moved to the United States of America when Sameer was 10 years old. His father wanted his children to have the opportunity to get rich and be able to support their families. When they got here they quickly learned it was a lot harder for them to live and work in the land of opportunity. Sameerâ⠂¬â„¢s father had a hard time finding a job, but finally just took a job as a cashier at a local store. They lived in a small apartment until Sameer was 14 years old. This is when his father got the break they needed. He started to run and operate his own gasoline station in the town of Brentwood, Tennessee.

Islamic Commodity Market Essay

1.0. Introduction The operations in the general business environment are very dynamic by nature. There is no doubt that the financial markets as well as the commodity markets need to structure their business operations, so as to meet the changing business environment demands as well as the expectations (United States. Congress. Senate. 2004). The main challenge for the main market players is to consistently be at pace with the business environment developments, so as to have in place effective as well as timely establishments of operation standards and regulations. A number of international initiatives have focused on the state of operations of the commodity market in the Islamic market. This has been done so as to establish standards as well as benchmarks, which are set to strengthen the world commodity market. The research study intends to contribute to the need for establishing a regulator commodity market, especially in the Saudi Arabia financial market (The Economist 2006). The Islamic commodity market is one of the major aspects in the world commodity market, which has achieved tremendous growth in the recent past. This is to the extent of being a substantial component within the global commodity market, and has thus gained a lot of interest as the crucial component of the world financial market (Europa Publications Staff, 2002). The increasing demands as well as awareness for establishing investment portfolios to be in line with the shariah principles at the global market, have acted as stimulators towards establishing the Islamic commodity market as the world’s most attractive industry. This is an indicator of the growth of the wealth base as well as the potential of the investors, who could either be Muslim or non Muslim, to find ways and invest in commodities which meet their needs and expectations (El-Gamal, 2006). Research questions The research questions to be answered in this research study provide a basis, for establishing the importance of establishing a form of regulator commodity market in the financial market of Saudi Arabia. The aspect which is being focused on in this research study is the reasons as to why a regulator form of commodity market should be established, especially in Saudi Arabia. The research questions will therefore act as a guide to activities of the research study (Henry and Wilson, 2004). Core research question The main aim of the research study is to assess the need for establishing a regulator form of commodity market in the land of Saudi Arabia, and the effects on the business transactions which take place in the Islamic market (Henry and Wilson, 2004). The other research questions that need to be covered in this research study include: 1. What are some of the factors which influence the conduction of business transactions in the Islamic market? 2. What are the likely effects of establishing a regulator form of commodity market in the .land of Saudi Arabia? 3. Who are the major players in the Islamic market and what role do they play in the business transactions? 4. To what extent are the major players likely to influence the operations of the Islamic commodity market? 5. What potential effects does regulation of the Islamic commodity market have on the Islamic finance and the general business transactions? Research objectives The main intention of this research study is to establish, the importance of establishing a regulator in the Islamic commodity market especially in the suggested location Saudi Arabia. The importance of the regulator is assessed in terms of the effects to the Islamic financial market, as well as the general business transactions. The research study is intended at providing a sound bases upon which conclusive research findings can be made, as to the need for regulating the commodities market. Both the secondary and primary data will be analysed to assess the current state of operations of the Islamic commodities market, and the need for a regulator. Therefore, data will highlight the importance of establishing the current state of operations in the Islamic commodity market, and finally, for the research study to meet its intended research objectives (Taylor & Francis Group and Dean, 2004). 2.0 Literature review Islamic commodity market The establishment of a distinct Islamic commodity market, whereby a number of investments as well as financing activities are established in accordance to the requirements of the Shariah principles, can be described as the outcome of the continued growth of the Islamic financial sector. There have been demands to address the issues of liquidity of the Islamic banks like Altauaruq and Almurabha among others, as well as the takaful operators in the various Islamic countries. There have also been efforts to establish a regulatory framework for the Islamic commodity market, and make clear the Shariah principles on the commodities which should are allowed to be involved in the business transactions at the commodity market (Davis and Azizian, 2006). In general, the Shariah principles that govern the conduction of business transactions at the commodities market states that the non legal transactions are those activities, which involves the use of interest and the commodities that have a certain level of uncertainties attached to them. Gambling is also prohibited as well as food and drinks among many other immoral activities (International Monetary Fund, 2006). Regulatory framework In the commodities market, an effective legal and supervisory as well as a regulatory framework establishes the essential ground for the operations of a modern commodity market. For the dynamic market like the Islamic commodity market, it is crucial that a conducive form of regulatory framework be established. This is to appropriately control the activities of the Islamic commodity market. A number of participants are allowed to address, any of the influences which affect the effective business operations of the market, as well as the innovations or even hinder the participation in the Islamic commodities market (Henry and Wilson, 2004). Considering the levels and number of business activities being carried out at this market, an analysis is being made to determine the need for having a regulator in place within this conventional market. The first hypothesis which can be established in this research study is whether, the establishment of the Islamic commodity market will make any positive influence on the levels of Islamic finance, as the other regulatory frameworks have managed to influence the other Islamic finance markets (Fadzli, 2003). To that extent, the second hypothesis is to assess the extent to which, the regulator of the Islamic commodity market will not make any improvements. Considering that the operations at the Islamic commodities market involve both legal and non legal business transactions, the third hypothesis is made in relation to whether the establishment of the regulator will cut down the levels of occurrence of the illegal business transactions. The fourth hypothesis in that respect is that, th e establishment of the regulator will not cut down the level of the illegal business transactions at the Islamic commodity market. By justifying the above mentioned hypotheses, the research study will have established the importance of having a regulator in the Islamic commodity market, and in this case the proposed regulator is Saudi Arabia (Al-Rifai, 2003). 3.0 Research design and methodology To establish the need for having a regulator Islamic commodity market, especially in the land of Saudi Arabia, the research sample for this research study will be administered with questionnaires. The targeted respondents are the to the top management officers of the major commodity markets and financial institutions in the Islamic commodity market. The sample population shall be 50 companies in the Islamic commodity market. The sample population has been chosen so as to avoid the feasibility problems, associated with the research studies. Qualitative as well as quantitative data will be collected. Quantitative data shall be collected from the primary sources, which shall be analysed by the use of statistical techniques, compiled and presented using tools like graphs and charts among other techniques. Qualitative data shall be collected by the use of open ended questions in the questionnaires, which will be subjective in nature as they will represent the personal opinions of the targ eted respondents. The qualitative data will support the quantitative data, in areas where the quantitative data will be having deviations from the factors under consideration (Al-Rifai, 2003). The survey questionnaires shall be administered, considering the fact that they are easy and simple to use on the part of the researcher and the respondents. The research objectives and questions shall all be encompassed in the information in the research questionnaires. The qualitative approach will involve the answering of questions which relate to the nature of operations of the commodity market markets, with the intention of establishing the need for having a regulator in the commodity market. Thus the survey study has the potential of highlighting the operations of the commodity market, and the mechanisms involved which demands for regulatory measures to be carried out (Henry and Wilson, 2004). Resources In order to meet the identified research questions and objectives, the researcher will use the relevant literature resources. These sources will include books, Journals and the other relevant publications in the areas of Islamic commodity market and regulations. The knowledge as well as the research information which will be encompassed and assessed for validity of the research findings, will include resources from online libraries like EBSCO, Amazon, Blackwell publications, the emerald journals and the other sources like Questia (Henry and Wilson, 2004). Access to the study population One of the challenges that the researcher anticipates to encounter in carrying out the research study is the accessing the targeted respondents. So as to meet this challenge, the below strategies have been devised, so as to have access to the respondents to obtain the crucial information for the research study. The researcher will obtain permission letters, which will be approved by the research department at the university. This letters will then be supplied to the top management officers seeking for permission to include them in the research study, and to use their companies as a sample of the research population. In addition to that, the researcher will assure the respondents that the information obtained from the research study shall be used for academic purposes only, and not for any other purposes unless permission is sought from them (Al-Rifai, 2003).

Harassment in the Workplace Essays

Harassment in the Workplace Essays Harassment in the Workplace Paper Harassment in the Workplace Paper Journal of Academic and Business Ethics Sex, harassment and the workplace Cliff Fisher Purdue university Abstract Last year, high profile individuals, such as presidential candidate Herman Cain, former MIFF chief Dominique Strauss Kahn, and Weeklies founder Julian Ganges, Strauss-Kahn, made major media coverage, because of alleged issues relating to SEX. Now that I have your attention, this paper targets sexual harassment, therefore we will not be dealing with notion, Strauss-Khans alleged sexual abuse charge, nor Julian Gangues sexual assault charges. Khans The focus Is on sexual harassment, not to commit violations of Title VII of the CIVIC Call Rights Act of 1964 and Its amendments, but to help educate employers, In order to prevent these costly legal actions and payment of damages, or If they cannot be prevented, then to reduce the exposure Involving actions that might not have been preventable. The Civil Rights Act and its amendments do not require a general civility code on employers, nor does it require a utopian work environment, but it does require that employees not be sexually harassed, with one exception. Dealing with the based on ewe element requiring that the harassment that occurred because of the complainants ex gender, and did not occur to members of the opposite sex. Steiner V. Showboat Operating Co. , and Harris v. : Forklift Systems Inc. Both deal with this issue. This Issue is evident In Harris, when the president of Forklift Systems Is found to have made comments to female employees, often In front of others, regarding their appearance and their Intelligence; In one Instance, he called an employee a dumb ass woman, and in another situation, he suggest that a female employee and he go to the Holiday Inn to other goatee your raise. The president also asked only female employees to retrieve coins from his front pants pocket, and threw objects on the ground in front of the women and asked them to pick them up. He made no such requests of male employees. This paper also deals with quid pro quo tangible employment action issues and a hostile work environment, which includes constructive discharge. The theory of vicarious liability under agency relation legal standard will indicate why and how TTY agency-relation employers can be liable for actions of their employees, In addition, the allowably of employers for actions of customers for sexual harassment will be covered. Keywords: Sexual Harassment, Ministerial Exception, International Defense segments, INTRODUCTION have your attention, this paper targets sexual harassment; therefore, we will not be dealing with Strauss-Khans alleged sexual abuse charge, nor Julian Gangues sexual assault Khans charges. The focus is on sexual harassment, not to commit violations of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and its amendments, but to help educate employers, in order to prevent these costly legal actions and payment of damages, or if they cannot be reverted, then to reduce the exposure involving actions that might not have been duce EXECUTIVE ORDER 10925 President John F. Kennedy in 1961 signed Executive Order 10925 requiring government contractors to take affirmative action to ensure that employees are try treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color or national origin. On June 19, 1963, five months before his assassination President Kennedy submitted a bill to Congress, which was signed into law on July 2, 1964, and is known as Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. One of the more interesting elements is that neither the Executive Order nor the proposed Civil Rights bill included the word sex, and attention is not intended to be drawn to the allegations of extra marital activities of the former activities president, in regard to why he didnt include sex. The term sex was added as a last last-ditch effort by opponents of the statute to thwart the passage of the Act. Sex as a basis of discrimination was added as a floor amendment one day beef the before 2 House approved Title VI, without prior hearing or debate. The bill quickly passed as amended and we are left with little legislative history to guide us in interpreting the Acts prohibition against discrimination based on sex. 3 The word sex in Title VII is where the EEOC in 1980 created the l egal rational to form the Sex Discrimination Guidelines in dealing with sexual harassment in the workplace. Title VII says nothing about sexual harassment, but the Supreme Court in Grids indicated that EEOC guidelines should be shown great deference by the courts. 4 The guidelines define sexual harassment as follows: Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitute sexual harassment when (1) submission to such harassment employment, (2) submission to or rejection of such conduct by an individual is used as the basis for employment decisions affecting such individual, or (3) such conduct has the such Ulnae v. Eastern Airlines, Inc. , 742 F. Ad 1081, 1084 (1984). Holloway v. Arthur Andersen co. , 566 F. Ad 659, 662 (1977). 3 Mentor savings sank v. Vinson, 477 US. 57, 64 (1986). 4 Grids v. Duke power co. , 401 U. S. 424,433 433-434 (1971). Sex, harassment and the workplace, Page 2 purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with an individuals work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment. 5 What happens if the harasser subjects both men and women to the same sexual women harassment? This would be the equal opportunity harasser. Courts often conclude that because both men and women are victimized, the harassment does not disadvantage members of one sex relative to the other, therefore it is not discrimination based on sex. Discrimination In Lack v. Wall-Mart, the court stated that the supervisor was Just an indiscriminately Mart, vulgar and offensive supervisor, obnoxious to men and women alike. 6 The Civil Rights Act and its amendments do not require that employees be treated in ways hat are thought of as being appropriate. Employers can be demanding, tactless, crude, mean, and irritating. This is an unfortunate fact of life, in which the law does not require a general civility code on employers, nor does it require a utopian work environment, but it does require that employees not be sexually harassed, with a few exceptions. Dealing with the based on sex element requires that the harassment that occurred be due to the complainants gender, and did not occur to members of the members opposite sex. The Supreme Court case, Harris v. Forklift Systems Inc. , dealt with this issue, when the president of Forklift Systems is found to have made comments to female employees, often in front of others, regarding their appearance and their intelligence; in their one instance, he called an employee a dumb ass woman, and in another situation, he suggest that a female employee and he go to the Holiday Inn to negotiate your raise. The president also asked only female employees to retrieve coins from his front pants coins pocket, and only threw objects on the ground in front of the women and asked them men had been demeaned and equally abused this would not have been a violation of he Civil Rights Act, even if a hostile work environment was created. 8 Harassment must be discriminatory, not merely abusive or inappropriate to be protected under the Civil Rights Act. Bullying or abuse in the workplace that is not discriminatory under the Civil Rights Act, still might be actionable under civil claims minatory and/or criminal charges for assault, battery, intentional infliction of emotional distress, and other actions. There are two kinds of sexual harassment protected under the Civil Rights Act. They are quid pro quo and hostile work environment. Quid pro quo means something for meeting or something given or received for something else. Burlington Industries v. Alert, the Supreme Court held employers vicariously liable under agency law principles for the harassment by a supervisor who has authority over the sexually harassed employee. 9 Quid pro quo relates to tangible employment action regarding sexual harassment involving situations where a supervisor or individual with authority over the subordinate with has taken significant adverse tangible employment action, such as discharge, demotion, or an undesirable reassignment against a subordinate employee for the employees refusal 5 9 C. F. R. , Chi. XIV, part 1604. 11 (1980), 1629 C. F. R. Part 51604. [emailprotected]) (200 (2008). Lack v. Wall-Mart, 240 F. Ad 255, 262 (2001). 7 Harness v. Forklift system, 510 U. S. 17 (1993). 8 sterner v. Showboat operating co. , 25 F. Ad 1459 (1994). 9 Burlington Industries v. Alert, 524 U. S. 742, 758 (1998). 6 Sex, harassment and the workplace, Page 3 to submit to the supervisors or individual with authority demand for sexual favors. With There are no affirmative defenses available to the employer for tangible employment action cases. Pease v. Alfred Photo Industries, Inc. Indicated that the following five elements must exist for the plaintiff to successfully prove quid pr quo harassment: (1 . ) Plaintiff is a member of a protected class; Plaintiff was subjected to unwelcome sexual harassment in the form of sexual advances or requests for sexual favors from a supervisor or individual with authority (3. ) Harassment complained of was based on sex; Submission to the unwelcome advances was an e xpress or implied condition for receiving some form of Job benefits, or refusal to submit to sexual demands resulted in a tangible Job detriment; and (5. ) Employer knew or should have known of the harassment. 10 player The distinction between quid pro quo and a hostile work environment regarding sexual harassment is important for determining employer liability. Hostile work environment is broader than quid pro quo and does not require an adverse tangible and employment action against the employee. The harassment can be caused by a supervisor, fellow employee, or a third party, such as a customer, vendor or stalker, if the employer knew or should have known of the harassing conduct and failed to take appropriate harassing corrective action. How hostile must the workplace become before the law is violated? In the Merits U. S. Supreme Court case, the court held that for sexual harassment to be actionable, no tangible Job detriment was necessary, but that the hostile work detriment environment harassment must be unwelcome conduct and it must be sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of employees employment and create an abusive work environment. 11 Conduct that unreasonably interferes with an employees work performance reaches an actionable hostile work environment more quickly than mere offensive utterances, as does physically threatening conduct. 12 Whether the offensive activity has occurred in Louisiana, which is the 5th Federal District, or in Indiana, which is the 7th Federal District, the Courts have indicated that common sense and context must apply before courts and Juries in determining whether the conduct is severely hostile and abusive. 13 The employer can raise affirmative defenses, if there is no tangible loss from a hostile work environment involving sexual harassment. The defenses are as follows: (1 . ) the employer exercised reasonable care to prevent and promptly correct any sexually harassing behavior at its workplace and the plaintiff employee unreasonably failed to take 10 Pease v. Alfred Photo Industries, I Inc. , 667 F. Soup. 1188 (1987). Mentor v. Vinson, 477 US. 57 (1986). 12 13 Indent v. Freeman Decorating, Inc. , 164 F. Ad 258 (1999); Patty v. Family Health System, Inc. , 280 F. Ad 749 (2002). 11 Sex, harassment and the workplace, Page 4 advantage of corrective or preventive opportunities provided by the employer or to avoid harm otherwise. 14 The existence of an employer sexual harassment policy and notification employer procedures will aid the employer in proving an affirmative defense in hostile environment cases. Another defense is that the employer has less than 15 employees. The numerously acquirement goes to the merits of the case, and the employer must raise this defense at the beginning of the case, or the employer is deemed to have waived this defense to liability. 15 A third and creative defense for sexual harassment might be to use the ministerial exception rooted in the First Amendment. The ministerial exception allows religious employers to avoid liability for discrimination when making employment decisions concerning employees who qualify as ministers. 16 The ministerial exception defense was used in Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. Equal Employment or Opportunity Commission, which was a Supreme Court case decided January 1 1 , 2012, involved a lawsuit under the American with Disability Act. The Court recognized that the ministerial exception, grounded in the First Amendment, precluded application of employment discrimination legislation to claims concerning the employment relationship involving the ministerial exception. If the government were to interfere with the employment decision of the church, the First Amendment rights under the Establishment Clause could also be in violation. In the recently decided Supreme Court case, Hosanna Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Cheryl Perish, an employee and teacher, brought a claim against Hosanna Tabor. After being deign diagnosed with narcolepsy, Perish began the 2004 2005 school year on disability. When she tried to 2004-2005 return to work in January of 2005, the school reported that they had hired another teacher to fill her position. Refusing to resign from her position, Perish threatened legal action threatened insubordinate and disruptive behavior along with damage done to her working relationship. Perish, along with the EEOC, claimed that her termination was in violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Under the primary duties test, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Hosanna Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School stating that the court believes that the ministerial exception bars an employment discrimination suit brought discrimination on behalf of a minister, challenging her churchs decision to fire her. 4 While the ministerial exception relates to employment discrimination pertaining to religious institutions, the 1991 Amendment to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 provides a 1964 defense for employers working in foreign countries. The language of the 1991 Amendment may provide protection for an employer regarding sexually harassment allegations involving its employees. Under the 1991 Amendment: It shall not be unlawful under section 703 or 704 for an employer (or a corporation controlled by an employer), labor organization, employment agency, or Joint labor prearrangement committee controlling apprenticeship or other training or retraining (including on-the-Job training programs) to take any action otherwise prohibited by such inning section, with respect to an employee in a workplace in a foreign country if compliance with such section would cause such employer (or such corporation), such organization, such agency, or such committee to violate the law of the foreign country in which such workplace is located. The above section of the 1991 Amendment forces employers to comply with the laws of the country in which the workplace is located. When operating in progressive and satirized cultures, the clash between culture and legislation may be of little d concern. However, as our globalizes economy expands to include a multitude of nations and culture s, the statutory dynamic is changing. If a company operating in the United States begins a venture in Saudi Arabia, the United employer must abide by the laws of Saudi Arabia. If an American woman was to be assigned to a position at this workplace, she would be subject to Saudi law. While her male counterparts could obtain a license and drive, a female is unable to drive in Saudi license 24 see 17 Sex, harassment and the workplace, Page 6 Arabia. Under EEOC guidelines, this hypothetical company may have committed sexual discrimination under the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Since sexual harassment is based on sexual discrimination, there are all kinds of hypothetical in which a female employee might be sexually harassed because of the clothes she wears or doesnt The 1991 Amendment could provide a defense for t employer. The Continuing the hypothetical, Saudi Arabia adheres to a strict policy of sexual segregation. Under strict Islamic Shari law, women are not allowed to be in the dwelling or in a vehicle with an unrelated man. In one situation, a Saudi Arabian Oman who was raped 14 times consecutively by 7 men was sentenced to 200 lashes and 6 months in Jail, and the crime that the woman committed: entering the vehicle of an unrelated male. In a separate situation, a 75 year old woman was given 40 lashes and 4 months in prison for and 27 letting a young man deliver bread to her dwelling . Under the 1991 Amendment, the guidelines for sexual harassment must abide by the laws of the foreign nation. If a woman from employed by a United States global corporation were to be employed in Saudi Arabia, she would be forced to adhere to the confines of Saudi law. Although he law may constitute sexual harassment by our standards, no penalty may be levied against the employer under the Civil Rights Act. Aside from the international impact, the 1991 Amendment to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 provided codified clarification to the burden of proof required to prove an unlawful employment practice. Under 42 USC S IEEE 2000+2: (m) Impermissible consideration of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in religion, employment practices. Except as otherwise provided in this title [42 USC IEEE et see. ], an unlawful employment practice is established when the complaining party monstrance that race, color, religion, sex, or national origin was a motivating factor for national any employment practice, even though other factors also motivated the practice. Prior to the 1991 Amendment, it was at the courts discretion to decide whether or not an employment practice was altered through unlawful consideration of race, color, unlawful religion, sex, or national origin. While case law supports the principle that an unlawful consideration need not be the sole factor in altering an employment pra ctice, the burden of proof was unclear. Under the 1991 Name Amendment, the so called mixed-motive dive standard emerged.

Act 4 scene 3 of Romeo and Juliet is very emotional and dramatic Essay Example

Act 4 scene 3 of Romeo and Juliet is very emotional and dramatic Essay Example Act 4 scene 3 of Romeo and Juliet is very emotional and dramatic Essay Act 4 scene 3 of Romeo and Juliet is very emotional and dramatic Essay Essay Topic: Amy Tan Short Stories In my essay, I shall write about certain features of the performance Romeo and Juliet by the distinguished dramatist William Shakespeare. Romeo and Juliet falls into one of three main categories of Shakespeares plays, as it is a tragedy. A tragedy is a play with an unhappy ending usually due to a fatal flaw in the main character(s). This in turn leads to a final catastrophe, which brings the tragedy to an end. In particular, I shall focus on Act 4 Scene 3, which is a very dramatic and emotional scene.I shall state the ways in which this is achieved and the ways in which the play is effective as a tragedy. Additionally, I shall cross-reference this scene with other events in the play to show how they contribute to the emotion and drama of Act 4 Scene 3 and in doing so I shall write about the ways in which this scene fits in with the rest of the play. Lastly, I shall try and direct Act 4 Scene 3 with the intention of showing the ways in which this scene is emotional and dramatic and at tempt to make it even more gripping for any potential audience.The first thing to understand when writing my essay is the actual plot of Romeo and Juliet. Romeo and Juliet takes place in the Italian City of Verona, where two star-crossed lovers meet. Romeo and his friends gatecrash at Capulets feast, where Romeo and Juliet meet. They are prevented from being together by the fact that they belong to two quarrelling families; Juliet is a Capulet whereas Romeo is a Montague. Romeo and Juliet, however, decide to get secretly married.Juliet confides in her faithful nurse and Romeo in Friar Laurence, the marriage performer. Their married bliss is cut short when on the same day, Romeos friend Mercutio is slain in a challenge by Juliets cousin Tybalt. Full of grief and anger, Romeo seeks vengeance and goes after Tybalt subsequently killing him. The Prince of Verona punishes Romeo by banishing him to Mantua. Juliet is pushed to the limit with the death of her beloved cousin and the banishmen t of her newly wedded husband.Furthermore, her father is adamant she marries an honourable nobleman, Paris. Juliet visits the Friar where she is presented with a potion, which will make her appear dead. That evening, after great deliberation, Juliet consumes the potion and is discovered the next morning as dead. Romeo hears of Juliets death, unaware of the Friars plan. He purchases some poison from a local apothecary and heads for Verona where he vows to kill himself by his wifes grave. Romeo encounters Paris by Juliets tomb and kills him. Next, Romeo swallows the poison, killing himself. Juliet awakens and discovers that Romeo is dead, and so she commits suicide with Romeos dagger. Friar Laurence, the Prince and Romeo and Juliets parents arrive on the scene greeted with terrible commotion. The Friar explains everything that had happened in the past few days. Capulet and Montague reunite, aware of the high price they have had to pay in order to gain this.The events immediately befor e Act 4 Scene 3 were very tense. Without Romeo by her side, Juliet was put under immense emotional strain. Previously, the audience learn of the plan the Friar has devised to prevent Juliet being forced to wed Paris. During Act 4 Scene 1, the friar presents Juliet with a distilled liquor. He tells Juliet to go home, be merry and give consent to marry Paris.That evening, she is to go to sleep, making sure that the nurse is not present and she is to then consume the potion. This potion will make Juliet appear cold and drowsy with no warmth and no breath. The potion will deprive her of any supple government. (I.e. she will not be moving). The friar explains that she will remain in this state for two and forty hours. (42 hours). On appearing dead, a funeral will be organised and she will be placed in the family vault. Juliet is to sleep until Romeo arrives from Mantua to rescue her.Then, on awakening, Romeo will take Juliet to reside in Mantua in secret. The friar, however, also warns t hat his plan is not foolproof and it is quite possible that things could still go wrong. When Juliet returns home, she puts the plan into action. She approaches her father and begs for forgiveness. She uses several exaggerated phrases including henceforth I am ever ruld by you and beg your pardon. Pardon, I beseech you!. Juliet attempts to assure her father she will be obedient and puts on a very convincing performance. This is known as dramatic irony and indicates that the audience is more aware of the real situation in comparison to other characters; Juliet says she will marry Paris but the audience is aware of the friars plan whereas the other characters are not. This is not the first time Juliet has made use of dramatic irony.Previously, when conversing with her mother on Romeos banishment, Juliet stated that she rather marry Romeo than marry Paris, which is ironic, as that is exactly what has happened. Ironically, Juliet is so convincing, Lord Capulet arranges for have the wedd ing to be bought forward by one day to the next day, Wednesday, since he thinks Juliet is genuinely in love with Paris. Due to the fact that the wedding has been bought forward, it gives Juliet less time to consider what she is going to put herself through. This means that the next scene, (Act 4 Scene 3) will be emotional and dramatic as Juliet has less time to think everything through.It is important to make clear the amount Juliet has been through in such a small period of time. Juliet has encountered love, experienced her marriage ceremony, grieved for her deceased cousin and has had to chose between loyalty to her husband and loyalty to her family. She had been tested numerously and has had to find the courage to do all this. Juliet realises she is playing with her future. On top of this, she is still only 13 years old and this, in consideration with other factors puts her in a very distressed emotional state.During the opening of Act 4 scene 3, Juliet informs the nurse and her mother that she is preparing to go to sleep. She asks them to leave by stating that she needs to pray. Juliet also tells her mother that she has selected everything for the wedding the next day. This is a further example of dramatic irony, as Juliet knows there will be no wedding. Lady Capulet is preparing for a wedding, when in reality, she ought to be preparing for a funeral. Juliet carries on pretending to be an obedient child by using flattering phrases such as gentle nurse and For I am sure you have your hands full. This gives the impression that Juliet has no doubts and is actually excited about the wedding taking place.The fact that Juliet had not confided in her nurse about the friars scheme implies that their close relationship has deteriorated considerably compared to previous situations. Previously, Juliet had always told her nurse everything as the nurse was like a surrogate mother to her. A good example of this is in Act 1 Scene 3. This is the first time that the nurse is introduced to the audience. The nurse speaks of Juliet in a very endearing manner and mother-like manner. We also discover that the nurses own daughter, Susan, died and so this makes her even more devoted to Juliet. As well as Juliet and the nurses closeness, another characteristic of the nurses personality is that she is very comical. She uses very humorous language but it can also be rude and quite crude. Shakespeare breaks up the tension of the play by introducing speech from the nurse and therefore most of the performances entertainment derives from the nurse.This makes Act 4 scene 3 more dramatic as the audience are aware of the fact that this is the first time that Juliet has not confided in her nurse. Juliets relationship with her mother has essentially remained the same Juliet still has not felt as though she can confide in her. For instance, the first time Juliets mother is introduced to the audience, her language suggests her awkwardness in the situation. She uses phr ases such as we must talk in secret to suggest that she is fearful of what the nurse will think of her as a mother as Juliets mother has not always played the role of the mother well. Their relationship has got slightly closer as during Act 4 Scene 3, Juliet and her mother speak in a very civilised manner, however this is only because Juliet is lying to her. This deception adds to the drama and emotion, as the audience is uncertain as to whether Juliet will get caught out.Following the exit of Juliets mother and nurse, Juliet is alone on stage and commences her long speech. This speech is known as a soliloquy as she is the only person present on stage. A soliloquy is a device, which allows any individual to speak their private thoughts out loud. The character can tell their secrets and true feelings about the situation out loud hence allowing the audience to be in a better position to judge in comparison to other characters. This particular speech is written in blank verse, which me ans it does not rhyme and makes use of several emotive words and phrases. Juliet expresses her terror using long incomplete sentences. The inclusion of incomplete sentences makes the speech more believable as nobody in Juliets situation would speak in verse and so this difference creates a dramatic effect. This speech consists mainly of rhetorical questions to which she has no convincing answers and focuses on her response and feelings.Juliet opens her speech in a very moving way with a passionate outburst. All alone, she cries out: God knows when we shall meet again/ I have a faint cold fear thrills through my veins. Juliet says this since she will be with Romeo and it may be sometime before she meets everyone again. This makes her scared and hence it freezes up the heat of life. She feels afraid of being alone and this makes her very emotional. She feels unable to cope without her nurse there to assist her and she contemplates calling her back again to comfort her. She then, howev er, realises that her situation is dismal and even with the nurse present things cannot be improved. She believes that from now on, she cannot trust the nurse as she was very hypocritical before. The nurse told Juliet to consider marriage to Paris as Paris is a superior gentleman compared to Romeo, and being in Mantua, Romeo is of no use to her. Juliet felt betrayed as the nurse had praised Romeo many times before and she was now putting him down. Juliet feels that she must remain on her own.This scene is made more dramatic because Juliet is in possession of a dagger. She decides that if the plan should go wrong, and she has to marry Paris, the dagger shall forbid it. Juliet is prepared to kill herself rather than to commit bigamy and destroy Romeos trust and loyalty.By now, the seriousness of the circumstances she got herself into has struck her considerably. Juliet starts to feel increasingly nervous and frightened. She begins to question everyones motive, even the Friar, whom sh e has never doubted before. Juliet is concerned that the potion is actually a poison which the Friar subtly hath ministerd to kill her. She believes this is because if the friar has Juliet killed, he will not have to marry Juliet and Paris since this is bigamy and is therefore against all religious standards.She answers her own question as to whether the friar has given her poison instead of a potion intentionally. She replies I fear it is. She comforts herself by telling herself that the friar could not do such a thing as he is a holy man and he is true to his word. Additionally, Juliet is petrified of the potential dangers she may encounter while imprisoned in the vault. She thinks she could be stifled, as there is no healthsome air to breath and she might die strangled before Romeo arrives.Juliet considers two possible scenarios she may face while in the tomb. She thinks that she can either suffocate, or will be scared to death as a result of the terror of the place. She is also aware that her ancient and buried ancestors will be present in the vault and that the vault will be packd. She knows that she will be trapped and crammed into a very small space. This creates a dark image of restriction and isolation. Shakespeare uses vocabulary such as strangled, horrible, terror and packd to build a sinister and dark image of the tomb. This in turn creates more tension and produces sympathy from the audience for Juliet.Juliet also reiterates the phrase where frequently (where refers to the tomb). Shakespeare uses it to emphasise the tomb and secure the image in the audiences minds. An image of death and horror is built up and thus creates a lot of drama and tension. She is frightened that Romeo will arrive before she awakens. She remembers that bloody Tybalt will be present in the tomb and that he had only been placed in the tomb recently. The usage of the word bloody depicts a very deathly location. Juliet knows that Tybalts body will be rotting, smelling and fes tering in his shroud. As well as this, his body will be in full view, as it is not fully buried, merely covered in a shroud. Another factor that alarms Juliet is the stories, which Juliet has heard about. She has heard that there are spirits which reside in the tomb that apparently come out at some hours in the night. This frightens her considerably.Juliet expects that if she wakes too soon, the loathsome smells will make Juliet shriek like mandrakes. (Mandrakes were plants which when pulled out of the earth, screamed and it was thought that if a human heard these screams, they would lose their senses). This section of the play is very sensory, as there are numerous references to sight, smell and now, sound. Shakespeare does this to appeal to the audiences senses. Shakespeare wants to draw out emotions and for the audience to sympathise with Juliet in her dire situation.This reinforces the fact that the plan is a desperate one and that Juliet is prepared to go through a lot for Rome o. Juliet declares that she will be distraught if she wakes up to early. She will be feeling stressed, depressed and in a bad state of mind. Juliet considers what she may do to herself in a fit of madness. She pictures herself playing with her forefathers joints (bones) and in her rage, she may use one as a club and dash out her desperate brains. Many violent images are displayed and therefore creates a sense of drama and emotion.In her moment of madness, Juliet hallucinates and imagines seeing her cousins ghost. (Tybalt). She can see him seeking out Romeo, looking for revenge as Romeo arrives at the tomb for Juliet. She calls out to Romeo, as if she is in the tomb, trying to protect him from Tybalt. This makes Juliet become hysterical. This creates substantial drama as the audience know that with all the factors taken into consideration, (Juliets hallucinating and hysteria), Juliet may do something foolish that she may end up regretting, or fail to follow the plan accurately.Ultima tely, she toasts Romeo and consumes the potion. This line is ironic as later on, when Romeo himself commits suicide, he toasts Juliet. The scene concludes with Juliet falling upon her bed within the curtains.If I were to direct this particular scene, there are many things that I would do in order to try to create an increased feeling of drama and emotion. The first thing I would consider is the appearance of the stage. I would set the stage as Juliets bedroom using a variety of techniques. Firstly, I would decide on the props which I would make use of. I would lay an old-fashioned bed at the end of the stage with the end of the bed slightly off stage. The bed should possess a lavish bedspread and pillow to reflect the familys wealth and high status in society.Adjacent to the bed, I would place a small, finely carved, brown wooden table with three large lit candles. I would do this because it is night so some lighting is required and, during the time in which the play was written, th ere was no electricity. Three candles however, would not be appropriate to light an entire stage so, off stage, I would make use of a few murky, white lights. These would be placed so that it gave the appearance of light flickering through a window. Additionally, to show Juliets wealth, I would place a shelf on the wall with finely carved ornaments and trinkets, which had been constructed using gold. Juliet should also have some clothes scattered across a solid wooden table in the foreground to indicate to the audience that Juliet has been treated well.The clothes should be mainly black, gold, purple and red, as these colours are usually associated with royalty and a higher class of people. Furthermore, the clothes should be made of a delicate material, such as silk, with small stitching and extravagant designs. Additionally, there should be four chairs dispersed around the room to create suitable seating areas for the characters. Finally, I would place entrance/exit on the stage. T his would be at the top-left of the stage and there would only be one as a bedroom has usually only one entrance/exit.I would cast three actresses to enact the roles in this scene. There should be an older woman of about 35 to play the nurse, a slightly younger one of about 30 to play Juliets mother and a girl of about 13 to play Juliet herself. The mother has to be quite young as, in the play, Juliets mother clearly states that she was a mother at Juliets age (13). Juliets mother should be dressed in a stylish, red gown to display her wealth and to show that she is superior to Juliet and the nurse. The nurse ought to be wearing a simple light brown dress, protected by a dirty white apron and a black bonnet. This is to give the impression that she is not that wealthy and that she is a nurse. Juliet herself should be dressed in a navy-blue dress with two pockets to conceal the dagger and the vial. Her hair should be styled in two plaits to show that she is still quite youthful.I woul d have some gentle classical music being played in the background and have the nurse and Juliet enter, with the nurse carrying a pile of Juliets clothes. Juliet should say her lines using a confident speaking tone to show that she has nothing to worry about but as she is lying to the nurse, she should also avoid any direct eye contact with the nurse. When Lady Capulet enters, she should enter at a brisk speed to indicate she has a lot to do in a short space of time. Whilst Juliet and her mother are talking, the nurse should be arranging Juliets clothes on the tables and should be folding them. Juliet should request for her nurse and mother to leave using a tender tone of voice. She can do this whilst saying the lines so please you, let me now be left alone and I am sure you have your hands full. When Juliets nurse and mother do finally depart, they should also leave using a normal walking pace, to show that they are following Juliets wishes.The opening lines to Juliets soliloquy, Fa rewell! God knows when we shall meet again. should be spoken in a passionate tone of voice. Juliet should use gestures such as showing two open arms to suggest she wants someone to come to her. This also ties in when she says, Ill call them back to comfort me. She should say come vial in a slow but certain tone of voice. The vial should be taken out from her dress pocket along with the dagger and the bottle should be green as green is associated with the unnatural.The dagger should have a rusting metal blade and handle. The line this shall forbid it Should also be said in a slow but certain tone of voice. And the dagger should be placed slowly onto the table. Prior to continuing her speech, she should glance around to make sure that no one is eavesdropping, and she should have an uncertain facial expression.Then, Juliet should continue her speech, using gestures such as having her hand on her heart. The words poison, ministerd and dishonourd should be emphasised as these are dramati c words which will grab the audience attention. She should pause slightly before carrying on with her speech to show that she in thinking about the answer to her question. (If the friar is trying to poison her or not). I fear it is should be spoken whilst shaking her head and also a disbelieving tone should be used to give the impression that Juliet is not sure of anything anymore. Juliet should use movement such as walking around her room in a slow yet uncertain manner while she is answering her own question.The next thing to deliberate, is the way in which Juliet would respond while she thinks about waking up before Romeo arrives to escort her to Mantua. She should modify her movements by shifting to the front of the stage to be nearer to the audience. To add more drama, Juliet should halt whilst facing the audience, with a look of disbelief on her face to give the impression that she has just had a terrible thought. She should say, How if, when I am laid into the tomb, I wake bef ore the time that Romeo Come to redeem me? in a slow and nervous fashion.Then, she should say the next few lines progressively getting faster, louder and more passionate. The music should stop now to create a petrifying silence and, the lights should also fade slightly. Again, words like stifled, foul, strangled, horrible, conceit and terror should be emphasised as these are very moving words. She should sound distressed as she says where bloody Tybalt, yet but green in earth to show that she still cares for her recently deceased cousin. Once more, she should start to get louder and almost hysterical as she talks about the mandrakes being torn out of the earth and her concern that she may dash out her desperate brains with her forefathers joints.When she imagines seeing Tybalts ghost, she should move back to imply she is running away from something and she should also put her arm out to suggest she trying to prevent someone from coming towards her. Gradually, she should move back an d huddle down on the floor just in front of the bed whilst excitably screaming stay, Tybalt, stay! and Romeo, I come. She should then be frantically trying to open the vial and then as she is getting up, she should drink the potion and fall upon the part of her bed, which is out of view to the audience. Juliet should drop the vial so it lands under the bed to make sure that when she is discovered, the vial is not found and so does not cause any suspicion. The lights should gradually fade to darkness to indicate that the scene had concluded.In conclusion, there are many ways in which Romeo and Juliet is emotional and dramatic, especially Act 4 Scene 3. A great deal took place and there are many ways in which this scene fits in with the rest of the play.